Friday, November 29, 2019

The Westward Expansion Essay Example For Students

The Westward Expansion Essay The Westward Expansion Essay was a new concept for Americans in the 1770s. In their minds there was a abundance of land out west just waiting to be claimed. The people that moved out west thought they were doing no harm, but in reality they committing genocide which is the complete annihilation of an entire race of people. If somebody is taking things from you that is very special to you what is your natural reaction?. Its to fight back and try to regain the special thing back. That is what the native Americans did to the settlers started to take there land so they started to defend it. But no we didnt get the clue. We had no real consideration toward the native Americans. We didnt ask to take there land we just did. Also the Euro-Americans had this huge group of people coming expecting land to start a family and a bigger and better life for them selves. There is no way youre going to get so many people hopes up so hi the slam it down by saying that the Native American were there first so they all would have to go home. We will write a custom essay on The Westward Expansion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now NO WAY!!. So we just kept on going on there were swarms of settlers they were coming from foreign countries and from the east. They needed a better more efficient way to transfer people and there belongings so we started making the railroad System. Back then everything was made be hand so the rail roads couldnt turn much so sometimes the rail roads would go right through the middle of a tribe. Ferther on with the completion with the rail roads more and more people came to settle in the west. Image living in that time as an Native American the feeling of hatred toward you from theses new people that dont even speak the same language as you, and are taking over your home land. If it were me not only would I be scared but I would be mad. Still after being attacked by the Native Americans we thought that they were trying to kill us so we fought back. We used the gun which is much more deadly then a bow and arrow or a spear. So the Native Americans couldnt do much to stop us. Eventually we made a treaty allowing the Indians there own spots of land for there people, and to try to live there live as they used to. Today there is still a predugest agents the native Americans. Some people look at the Native Americans and think that they are all drunks but those are all stereotypes. I believe that what we did was wrong but if we didnt do it I wouldnt be here today. .

Monday, November 25, 2019

Practice in Using the Prepositions In, Into, On, and At

Practice in Using the Prepositions In, Into, On, and At Complete each of the following ​sentences with the appropriate preposition: in, into, on, or at. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers below. Assignment Slocum stepped (in, into, on, or at) the elevator and pressed the button for the fifth floor.As Slocum stood silently (in, into, on, or at) the elevator, the woman beside him began to sing.The woman was wearing a paper crown (in, into, on, or at) her head.Slocum was scheduled for an appointment in the clinic (in, into, on, or at) the fifth floor.He was due for his appointment (in, into, on, or at) five minutes.Slocum spotted a large dead roach (in, into, on, or at) the greasy floor of the elevator.Slocum stared (in, into, on, or at) the roach for a few seconds and then closed his eyes.He slipped (in, into, on, or at) a familiar fantasy world.In that world, dolphins were swimming (in, into, on, or at) a circle around him.When the doors opened (in, into, on, or at) the fifth floor, the elevator was empty. Answers Here youll find the answers (in bold) to the above exercise. Slocum stepped  into  the elevator and pressed the button for the fifth floor.As Slocum stood silently  in  the elevator, the woman beside him began to sing.The woman was wearing a paper crown  on  her head.Slocum was scheduled for an appointment in the clinic  on  the fifth floor.He was due for his appointment  in  five minutes.Slocum spotted a large dead roach  on  the greasy floor of the elevator.Slocum stared  at  the roach for a few seconds and then closed his eyes.He slipped  into  a familiar fantasy world.In that world, dolphins were swimming  in  a circle around him.When the doors opened  on  the fifth floor, the elevator was empty.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 140

Discussion - Essay Example For human beings to fully evolve, they took a form of different hominids which include Australopithecines, Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens were developed and resembled the current human beings (LaFreniere, 2011). The race concept is a relic as many scholars have different arguments to the existence of race. Most of scientist claims that the traditional racial difference is based on skin deep because people classify themselves in respect to the skin colour. The white people from America classified themselves in respect to their skin colour. The race was based on the colour of the skin and not genetic make up. Currently, scientist are analysing the issue of race in respect to the genetic make up. Different scientist have different perception on the issue of race as some claim that genetics makes up race while other claim that genetic inheritance does not guarantee similarity. Human beings first appeared in Africa and disappeared from the world due to natural selection as they could not adapt to the environment. As human beings were developing the Homo sapiens found survival tactic and made tools for hunting and gathering (LaFreniere,

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Forex exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Forex exam - Essay Example (Baillie, R & McMahon, P, 1990). Covered Interest Parity is also known as â€Å"Interest Rate Parity†. This theory is based on the assumption that in an effective market with no transaction cost, the interest difference should be equal to the forward differential. The currency of the country with a lower interest should be at forward premium in term of the currency of the country with the higher interest rate. When this condition is met, the forward mark is said to be at interest parity and equilibrium prevail in the market. Condition for Covered Interest Parity is as follow: The uncovered interest parity propagates that the interest rate differential is equal to the ex-post exchange rate change. Uncovered Interest Parity theory is more difficult to test as because expected exchange rate changes are unobservable, also assumes that there should be no transaction cost, perfect capital flow, equal default risk on foreign and on domestic market. The risk premium should be zero. It is s follow: As all of these theories are based on certain assumption like the market condition has to be perfect, there should be no restriction on free trade, no transaction cost should exist and the investors should be risk neutral. But in the real world, market conditions are not perfect neither free trade is possible. In many countries government imposes certain restriction on import and export of goods for economical welfare of their country. Transaction cost exists in the real world and the investors are not risk neutral; rather the investors are risk averse. So these theories do not hold in the real world. Foreign exchange market has to play a very vital role in the present globalized world. Foreign currency is the life blood which gets exchanged through foreign exchange market. There are many factors which affect the foreign exchange market directly or indirectly and bring efficiency in this market which are as

Monday, November 18, 2019

Wang Gang Referral Consuming Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wang Gang Referral Consuming Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Wang Gang Referral Consuming Fashion" discovers the generation Y, fashion and consuming. Stating precisely, there are various apparent characteristics deciphered by the Gen Y group. For instance, this group is learnt to be culturally and racially diverse. Additionally, this group is regarded to be highly independent, rendering meagre consideration towards collectivism approaches. The populace belonging to the Gen Y group also feels empowered to take every requirement according to their wants indicating a higher degree of consumer bargaining power in the international context. Focused on the significance of Gen Y customers in today’s international marketing phenomenon, the discussion presented henceforth will intend to render a comprehensive understanding of the behavioural traits deciphered by the populaces. In this regard, the demographic, psychographic and lifestyle choices of the customer group will be studied, which will further be analysed to identify the chall enges and the opportunities rewarded to the marketers worldwide. In keeping with the recent market conditions, ‘Gen Y’ people are learnt to have an enormous potential as the prospective customers for various products and/or services. The people belonging to this group have grown up in the period of economic stability and affluence which, in turn, were quite effective in bringing up constancy as well as rapid advancement in their lifestyle. Therefore, the people belonging to this generation largely desire.... Gen Y group Demographic Characteristics of Gen Y In keeping with the recent market conditions, ‘Gen Y’ people are learnt to have an enormous potential as the prospective customers for various products and/or services. The people belonging to this group have grown up in the period of economic stability and affluence which, in turn, were quite effective in bringing up constancy as well as rapid advancement in their lifestyle. Therefore, the people belonging to this generation largely desire to pursue an affluent lifestyle. These people are often monitored to be highly persuaded towards entertainment and style deciphering lesser significance concerning the monetary attributes. Thus, it can be argued that people belonging to this age group can be more effectively lured with attractive features rather than offering price concessions (Aeffect, Inc., 2000). According to the US Census Bureau, in relation to the figures published in 2000, the Gen Y group comprised people who fund amentally belonged to the age group of 5 years to 22 years, including around 70 million people, i.e. 25.9% of entire population of the nation (Aeffect, Inc., 2000). From a generalised perspective, the families of Gen Y are observed to be very much culturally diverse and lead a busy life. For instance, according to the recent statistics of US demographics, the entire population of Gen Y customers include 15% of African-American, 5% of Asian and 14% of Hispanic citizens. Consequentially, this considerable diversity has resulted in creating a significant distinctness among the buying behaviours of the consumers belonging to this segment. Thus, in order to provide complementary products to the Gen Y buyer segment, the marketers need to come up with varied offerings to meet their needs (Aeffect, Inc.,

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Economic Growth In Malaysia

Economic Growth In Malaysia Abstract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) supports the national economic when it facing the lack of internal investment resources and it can cover the gap of investment resources and national investment. In this way, Foreign Direct Investment can affect the economic development and increase the speed of economic development. In this regards, among other countries, especially developing countries, that coped with the lack of internal financial resources have more interest to use Foreign Direct Investment. Since 1970 until now, the Foreign Direct Investment has been strongly growth and it outstrips from the trade growth and its causes to double exports of goods and services. In other words, the Foreign investment in the developed worlds economy is development of transnational companies for improving competitiveness, higher profit, accessing to cheaper labor market and reaching a broader consumer market. Providing sufficient capital to finance investment is as one of the important factors in economic growth. In this regards, developing countries have tried to accumulation of capital through internal resources or by foreign direct investment to complete the deal. Also, foreign direct investment has a significant role in developing process in many countries. Gross domestic product in Malaysia has the maximum growth rate comparing the other Association of Southeast Asian Nations and one of the remarkable strategies of the administration to encourage its growth is by create a center of attention to foreign direct investment. Malaysia is one of those developing countries that promote Foreign Direct Investment in order to increase speed growth and development. Foreign Direct Investment has cooperated a significant role in capital formation in Malaysia and the developing economy that has enhanced quickly. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction Malaysia is one of the fastest country in growing economy in the Asia area with GNP growth of around eight plus percent per year. The Malaysian economy has shifted from agriculturally to further differentiate and also export oriented one after its independence in 1957. It is identified the Malaysian market is openly oriented with almost non existent non tariff blockade and averaging just about 50 percent and foreign exchange organize. Malaysian open trade is sustained by the two way trade approximately to 120 percent of Gross National Product (GNP). It has been demonstrated that from the established political environment, enhancing capita revenue, and the prospective for local integration all over the ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH EAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN), Malaysia is a gorgeous view for FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) (see Graph 1.1). Foreign direct investment in Malaysia is a significant catalytic parameter, enhancing exports, awareness and offers an economic tool in the direction of the Malaysia 2020 vision. Some empirical researches show that the economic growth has been established in the past 6 years at the above seven percent per year. In this regards the inflation rate has been remained below four percent, decreasing the unemployment rate, balancing the payments. Echange rate is as a significant factor in the Malaysian Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the general economy. Malaysian Bank Negara does not formally peg the Ringit (RM) to definite currencies and currency floats. In fact, Malaysian Bank Negara has been charged of depreciating the cost of the Ringit (RM) in order to encourage exports. On the other hand, Malaysias focus on Foreign direct investment, increasing exports, has provided it well and supplied to its 8 years of over 8 percent growth. Foreign Direct investment (FDI) Several definitions have been proposed for Foreign direct investment. The international monetary fund defines Foreign direct investment following: Foreign direct investment is a type of investment that to achieve sustainable benefits in the country except for the home country of investor and the investors objective is as an important role in the management of the organization (Bengoa and Blanca 2003). Foreign direct investment is considered dependable for enhanced well-being in the host country due to the benefits related to introduction of new innovations and technologies, improvement of extra abilities, enhances capital, improving work stations in host countries (Fizari, Asari et al. 2011). A study by Bengoa and Sanchez-Robles (2003), it is defined that Foreign direct investment is the most important contributor to the economic growth in the country. Foreign direct investment is considered as a significant resource of inflows in numerous countries, especially in emerging developing economies. In fact, Foreign direct investment is evidenced in the capital account of balance of payment (Chaudhary, Shah et al. 2012). Foreign direct investment or FDI is the net inflows of venture to acquire a lasting management interest in an activity operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity resources, other long term resources, short term resources and reinvestment of earning as illustrated in the balance of payments. Foreign direct investment in Malaysia is put on following the investment of at least 10 percent of the whole equity in a resident firm by a non-resident investor (Greenway 2004). Economic Growth Economic growth is the enhance in the quantity of the services and goods manufactured by an economy over time. It is calculated as the percent rate of enhance in actual GDP (gross domestic product). Foreign direct investment has been a significant resource of economic growth in Malaysia, transporting in capital investment, management and technology knowledge necessitated for economic growth (Mun, Lin et al. 2008). In developing countries such as Malaysia, Foreign direct investment has a positive effect on economic growth and it also depend on some the other key factors, like: human capital base in host countries, the degree of openness in the economy (Lean 2008). Carkovic and Levine (2002) found the positive effect of foreign direct investment in economic growth. Their finding showed that a countrys power to take benefit of Foreign direct asset externalities may be limited by local situation, like: the level of education in the country, the improvement of the local financial markets. Studies by (Durham 2004); (Hermes and Lensink 2003); (Alfaro, Chanda et al. 2004) presented support that just countries with well developed financial markets grow importantly from foreign direct investment in conditions of their growth rate. Wan (2010) argued that foreign direct investment can play a significant role in modernizing a national economy and encouraging economic growth. On the other hand, the association among the exchange rate and economic growth is a significant issue, from the both a positive such as: descriptive and normative such as: policy prescription view (Ito, Isard et al. 1999). There are some countries that include explicitly or implicitly fixed their exchange rate to the currency of the other country such as: U.S. dollar and whose inflation rate are upper than that of the foreign country (U. S.) frequently practices persistent recent account deficits and eventual depressions of their currencies (Ito, Isard et al. 1999). 1.3. The role of Foreign direct investment and economic growth Malaysia is one of the mainly open in the emerging world to foreign investment and it also distinguish the significant role that FDI can play in well placed for attracting investment in Malaysia (Kogid, Lily et al. 2010). Foreign direct investment is as a significant driver fundamental in the Malaysian powerful performance and also economic growth. There are numerous research that investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth (Kogid, Lily et al. 2010). There is an extensive view that the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth is unclear (Greenway 2004; Azman-Saini, Law et al. 2010). One possible reason for this finding is picked up from the failure of model contingency achieves in the relationship between foreign direct investment and Growth. From the traditionally studies, the exchange rate had not composed a significant factor in the analysis of economic growth (Omankhanlen 2011). Alfaro, Chanda et al. (2003) explored that countries with enhanced financial schemes can utilize foreign direct investment more efficiently and also foreign direct investment alone have an ambiguous role in causal to economic growth. Carkovic and Levine (2002) presented the positive role of foreign direct investment in generating economic growth, mainly in exacting environments. For instance, Borensztein, Gregorio et al. (1998) show that foreign direct investment has a positive growth outcome when the country has s extremely educated workforce that permits it to utilize foreign direct investment spillovers. Exchange rate and inflation rate There are various studies have seemed to the effect of exchange rate or inflation on direct investment (AHN, ADJI et al. 1998). Naturally, it identifies the negative effect of inflation by itself on direct investment. Exchange rate movements can affect foreign direct investment by affecting the current cost of gaining overseas (Froot and Stein 1991). For instance, a reduction in domestic currency value against foreign currency value of the domestic exchange rate will create it fewer expensive for foreign investor. In this regards, depreciation of the exchange rate will create inflows of foreign direct investment in that country rise (Erdal and Tatoglu 2002; Tsen 2006). There are some ways for controlling exchange rate, but it is so expensive. When the rate of interest is high, it avoids capital outflows obstruct growth of the economy and so it will hurt the countrys economy (Solnik 2000). According to Khalwaty (2000) There are some parameters that cause the exchange rate changes. Tho se parameters embrace: payments balance problems, changes in foreign exchange demand and supply, public revenue, changes the expectation, et al. Therefore, this study will explore the impact of inflation and exchange rate on foreign direct investment and economic growth. Problem statement Malaysia has a growing open economy. Malaysia had 29th level as the largest economy with GDP $357.9 billion in 2007 (Bank 2007). It is identified that foreign direct investment has been observed as a major driver underlying the strong growth performance occurrence by the Malaysian economy. Malaysia has got a substantial quantity of foreign direct investment in its industry over the past decades. Despite the significance of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the Malasia, there has been a little study the determinants of the foreign direct investment such as inflation and exchange rate. Most of the earlier researches use cross-sectional or panel data to find the determinants of foreign direct investment. This study will examine two macroeconomic parameters, explicitly exchange rate and inflation, that effect on foreign direct investment and economic growth in Malaysia over a period from 1995 to 2009. Since the economic growth is one of the key determinants accountable for advanced foreign direct investment inflow (Fedderke and Romm 2006; Kiat 2008), this study want to examine foreign direct investment and its relation to economic growth. The aim of this study is to test whether any relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth regarding its inflation and exchange rate. The relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth is not clear in Malaysia. So, there is a need to carry out extra research on this relationship. 1.6. Research questions On the basis of the above mentioned problem statement, the following research questions are suggested: RQ1: what is the effect of inflation on FDI and economic growth? RQ2: what is the effect of exchange rate on FDI and economic growth? RQ3: what is the effect of FDI on economic growth? 1.7. Research objectives The objective of this thesis is to study the effect of inflation and exchange rate on FDI and its relation to economic growth in Malaysia from 1995 to 2009. The objectives of this study are: RO1: To evaluate the effect of inflation on FDI and economic growth. RO2: To evaluate the effect of exchange rate on FDI and economic growth. RO3: To evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth. 1.8. Theoretical framework On the basis of the above mentioned literature, a research model is developed to examine the effect of the effect of inflation and exchange rate on FDI and its relation to economic growth in Malaysia (see Figure 1.1). 1.9. Scope of study The study will focus on the influence of inflation and exchange rate on FDI in Malaysia. Malaysia is one of those developing countries that promote Foreign Direct Investment in order to increase speed growth and development. On the other hand, since, Foreign direct investment in Malaysia is a significant catalytic parameter, enhancing exports, awareness, thus it has a significant role in the economic growth of the country. And Malaysia has been encouraging FDI in its economic contribution. 1.10. Significant of study Foreign direct investment has played a significant role in the capital formation and the economic development that has enhanced rapidly. Foreign direct investment offers a significant view in the course of which organizations can keep away from high production costs at home and discover gorgeous marketplace abroad (Demekas, Horvath et al. 2005; Utami and Inanga 2009; Yol and Teng 2009). On the other hand Malaysia has been one of the majority successful Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries in being a focus for FDI. In this regards, it is important to find a relationship between inflation, exchange rate and Foreign direct investment in Malaysia.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Friar Lawrence Caused the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet Essay -- Romeo a

‘Romeo and Juliet’ The play ‘Romeo and Juliet’, by William Shakespeare is a tragedy which tells of the tragic deaths of the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet. In Verona there were two families the Montague and the Capulet’s who had an old argument. Their children Romeo and Juliet fall in love and because of their families old arguments can never be together. Because of Romeo ‘s killing of Tybalt, Romeo is banished and through series of misunderstanding Romeo and Juliet take there lives at the end of the play. In this essay I am going to consider which characters are to be blame for the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet. There are many characters who could be said to have some responsibility for the deaths of the two main characters, but in my opinion, Romeo himself, Friar Lawrence and the Nurse are the most responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Before I go on to discuss the character that who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, I will consider what the word blame means; the word blame means ‘responsibility for a fault or wrong.’ Romeo the youngest son of the Lord and Lady Montague was in fact a major influence on the events leading up to the deaths of himself and his wife Juliet. He acted too hastily throughout the play. He shouldn’t have asked Juliet to marry him so suddenly, and he should have thought more carefully before rushing back to Verona after hearing of Juliet’s death. He also acted violently and without thinking when he killed Tybalt. In the beginning of the play, he was deeply in love with Rosaline. He was acting like he will never love any other person in his life and when Benvolio... ...essage to Romeo. ‘I’ll sent a friar with speed to Mantua, with my letter to thy lord. It shows that it was Friar Lawrence’s responsibility to get the plan to Romeo and he acted as an irresponsible by just sending only one letter and not thinking that this letter will reach to Mantua or not. In conclusion I think the most responsible is Friar Lawrence because he made a risky plan which led to the deaths of the two lovers. The second character that I think is the most to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet is Romeo himself, because he was too quick to fall in love, he was in love first with Rosaline then Juliet. He was making decision without thinking and too quick to act. The third character I think the Nurse, because she carried Romeo and Juliet’s messages and helped the two lovers to get married secretly.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Educational Technology Essay

Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.† The term educational technology is often associated with, and encompasses, instructional theory and learning theory. While instructional technology is â€Å"the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning,† according to the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Definitions and Terminology Committee,educational technology includes other systems used in the process of developing human capability. Educational technology includes, but is not limited to, software, hardware, as well as Internet applications, such as wikis and blogs, and activities. But there is still debate on what these terms mean.[3] Technology of education is most simply and comfortably defined as an array of tool s that might prove helpful in advancing student learning and may be measured in how and why individuals behave. Educational Technology relies on a broad definition of the word â€Å"technology.† Technology can refer to material objects of use to humanity, such as machines or hardware, but it can also encompass broader themes, including systems, methods of organization, and techniques. Some modern tools include but are not limited to overhead projectors, laptop computers, and calculators. Newer tools such as â€Å"smartphones† and games (both online and offline) are beginning to draw serious attention for their learning potential. Media psychology is the field of study that applies theories in human behavior to educational technology. Consider the Handbook of Human Performance Technology. The word technology for the sister fields of Educational and Human Performance Technology means â€Å"applied science.† In other words, any valid and reliable process or procedure that is derived from basic research using the â€Å"scientific method† is considered a â€Å"technology.† Educational or Human Performance Technology may be based purely on algorithmic or heuristic processes, but neither necessarily implies physical technology. The word technology comes from the Greek â€Å"techne† which means craft or art. Another word, â€Å"technique,† with the same origin, also may be used when considering the field Educational Technology. So Educational Technology may be extended to include the techniques of the educator. A classic example of an Educational Psychology text is Bloom’s 1956 book, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.Bloom’s Taxonomy is helpful when designing learning activities to keep in mind what is expected of—and what are the learning goals for—learners. However, Bloom’s work does not explicitly deal with educational technology per se and is more concerned with pedagogical strategies. According to some, an Educational Technologist is someone who transforms basic educational and psychological research into an evidence-based applied science (or a technology) of learning or instruction. Educational Technologists typically have a graduate degree (Master’s, Doctorate, Ph.D., or D.Phil.) in a field related to educational psychology, educational media, experimental psychology, cognitive psychology or, more purely, in the fields of Educational, Instructional or Human Performance Technology orInstructional Systems Design. But few of those listed below as theorists would ever use the term â€Å"educational technologist† as a term to describe themselves, preferring terms such as â€Å"educator.†The transformation of educational technology from a cottage industry to a profession is discussed by Shurville, Browne, and Whitaker. Definition of terms Evaluation is a systematic determination of a subject’s merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. It can assist an organization to assess any aim, realizable concept or proposal, or any alternative, to help in decision-making; or to ascertain the degree of achievement or value in regard to the aim and objectives and results of any such action that has been completed. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species’ ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. Educational technology is the use of technology to improve teaching and learning. the treatment of the process by which people learn, as a systematic process based on objectives, with strategies and systems to achieve them; a set of expensive tools sold to schools purporting to improve learning but not actually proven to do so information and communication technology (ICT), is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications[1] and the integration oftelecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessaryenterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. Classifications of Educational Technology When we hear the word technology today, we would immediately think of the mediated instructional materials particularly those, which are computer-based. But technology also includes the indigenous materials which have been used in the past and which have been proven as reliable. They have proven their worth especially to the teachers in the early days. According to the Equilibrium Theory of Education, the schools which are supposed to transmit accumulated knowledge and skills to students, that students are given balance of the old and new learning so that they will not lose track of the finest pedagogical culture which have been developed and accumulated all through the years. The classification of Educational Technology is divided into two which is the following: * Material Technology Material Technology is divided by two which is the lo-tech paper technology and the hi-tech mediated technology Lo-tech paper technology * It is also called traditional instructional materials; these are indigenous materials usually real objects or those that are made of paper and cardboards. They are still here to stay because not all schools are equipped with technology tools and not all teachers are ready to embrace modern technology. Hi-tech mediated technology * Often called as the mediated technology, it includes those, which are presented using media equipment or hardware. The most persuasive modern technology for teaching and learning in these contemporary times is the computer and its various applications. In fact all educational efforts are being geared toward its used. Its effectiveness in teaching and learning has been widely recognized. * Non-Material Technology This includes theories, laws, principles, methods and strategies of teaching. They evolved results of researches and studies in order to facilitate teaching and learning. Applications of Educational Technology A proper application of educational technology can result to improved sensation and perception that will lead to quality learning. Educational technology transcends geographical barriers, expose students to experiences beyond classroom, disseminate instruction across large areas and make education more accessible to more people. If Educational Technology is properly selected and used the students can do the following: * Arouse and sustain the interest and attention of the students. * Concretize concepts and ideas to promote meaningful learning. * Make learning more permanent by providing rich experiences. * Provide self-activities for independent learning. * Increase one’s vocabulary by eliminating verbalism * Promote continuity of thought * Increase the quality of learning while decreasing the time spent * Check student’s preparedness * Make learning more interactive * Choosing and applying educational technology . Evaluation in Educational Technology As education systems, in particular Technology Education, adapt to new expectations for secondary students entering an uncertain workforce, the time is appropriate to investigate the need for school facilities to meet these present demands and those that continue to change curricula. This study has been conducted in order to determine the facility requirements for the delivery of the evolving technology/manual arts curriculum in Queensland. A set of validated design criteria for evaluating technology education and vocational education settings was developed and trialed to assist the designer of such facilities to meet the needs of this area on schools designed in different eras from the 1960s to the present. A review of the published literature would indicate that little has been written on this aspect of facilities design. While related studies have been conducted in North America, they were not confined to the designing of the facilities and only had specific relevance in that coun try. An expert group consisting of prominent Queensland educators provided the impetus for developing the criteria which had been generated through a systematic search of the literature. The methodology utilised to involve the expert group was the Nominal Group Technique. After the criteria had been developed, they were validated by questionnaire through a 30% random sample of practicing heads of department across Queensland in both state and independent systems. A trial evaluation using current facilities was subsequently conducted to determine the effectiveness of the criteria in terms of teacher acceptability as well as establishing a pattern of needs for modification. Practitioners who use the facility for teaching technology education and/or vocational education could use the set of criteria to evaluate their facility in a similar manner to that of evaluating their students. Such evaluations could then become the basis for ffiture school planning and budgetary allocations as well as asset management of existing facilities. The study proved to be valuable as the validated criteria have the potential of being used as a tool by teachers to evaluate their facilities. At the systems level of operation, the criteria will provide assistance for designers, architects and teachers to prepare informal educational briefs. Such briefs would provide a consistent approach to the some times difficult task of clearly defining the function of a facility. The modem facility must meet the needs of current curriculum and be sufficiently flexible and adaptable to provide the educational requirements well into the twenty-first century. These developed criteria will gr eatly assist in this process. Overview It is a great honor for me to join in the celebration of the 100th birthday of National Taipei Teachers’ College. In the United States, this year is also the 100th anniversary of a famous march, the â€Å"Stars and Stripes Forever,† composed by the revered bandmaster, John Phillips Sousa in 1896. I learned this when I attended a band concert this fall, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Department of Bands at Indiana University. During the concert I was thinking about what I might say today, and I realized that National Taipei Teacher’s College, the IU Department of Bands, and the â€Å"Stars and Stripes Forever† are all 100 years old this year. I plan to talk today on the topic: evaluation of use of information technology in education. First, I will discuss the use of information technology as a lever for change in educational systems and practice. Second, I will talk about the development of criteria for evaluating information technology systems in K-12 education. During 1993-95, I played a central role on a team of faculty and graduate students at Indiana University who helped develop these criteria for the National Study of School Evaluation. I will provide a brief overview of the criteria for use of information technology in K-12 education in the United States. Finally, I will share my personal philosophy on use of technology in education. Stability and Change in Education The publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983 helped to renew U.S. efforts to further improve public schooling. We have given names to these reform efforts such as: site-based management, school restructuring and educational systems design (cf. Banathy, 1991; Reigeluth, 1992; Frick, 1993). One difficulty in changing a system is that it tends to remain the same. Systems try to attain and maintain some level of stability (cf. Maccia & Maccia, 1975; 1966). The big challenge is: How can we overcome this stability in our education systems in order to make positive changes, without harming what is already good and should not be changed? One educator in Indiana has joked that the problem of getting our schools to change is like trying to change the direction of a big elephant going 100 miles per hour. Indicators of Quality Information Technology Systems in Education The National Study of School Evaluation recently published Technology: Indicators of Quality Information Technology Systems in K-12 Schools (NSSE, 1996). This publication provides: * a vision for student learning in technology through suggestions of performance indicators at the elementary, middle and high school levels, * indicators for judging how a school’s instructional system supports learning achievement in technology, and * indicators for evaluating how a school’s organizational system supports its vision. History of Educational Technology during ancient times There is no written evidence which can tell us exactly who has coined the phrase educational technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different time intervals have put forwarded different definitions of Educational Technology. Educational technology is a multifaceted and integrated process involving people, procedure, ideas, devices, and organization, where technology from different fields of science is borrowed as per the need and requirement of education for implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems involved in all aspects of human learning. Educational technology, broadly speaking, has passed through five stages. The first stage of educational technology is coupled with the use of aids like charts, maps, symbols, models, specimens and concrete materials. The term educational technology was used as synonyms to audio-visual aids. The second stage of educational technology is associated with the ‘electronic revolution’ with the introduction and establishment of sophisticated hardware and software. Use of various audio-visual aids like projector, magic lanterns, tape-recorder, radio and television brought a revolutionary change in the educational scenario. Accordingly, educational technology concept was taken in terms of these sophisticated instruments and equipments for effective presentation of instructional materials. The third stage of educational technology is linked with the development of mass media which in turn led to ‘communication revolution’ for instructional purposes. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education since 1950s also became popular during this era. The fourth stage of educational technology is discernible by the individualized process of instruction. The invention of programmed learning and programmed instruction provided a new dimension to educational technology. A system of self-learning based on self-instructional materials and teaching machines emerged. The latest concept of educational technology is influenced by the concept of system engineering or system approach which focuses on language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed instruction, multimedia technologies and the use of the computer in instruction. According to it, educational technology is a systematic way of designing, carrying out and evaluating the total process of teaching and learning in terms of specific objectives based on research. Educational technology during the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age Educational technology, despite the uncertainty of the origin of the term, can be traced back to the time of the three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. Duringthe Stone Age, ignition of fire by rubbing stones, manufacture of various handmade weapon and utensils from stones and clothing practice were some of the simple technological developments of utmost importance. A fraction of Stone Age people developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technology to migrate from one place to another across the Ocean, by which they developed their first informal education of knowledge of the ocean currents, weather conditions, sailing practice, astronavigation, and star maps. During the later Stone Age period (Neolithic period),for agricultural practice, polished stone tools were made from a variety of hard rocks largely by digging underground tunnels, w hich can be considered as the first steps in mining technology. The polished axes were so effective that even after appearance of bronze and iron; people used it for clearing forest and the establishment of crop farming. Although Stone Age cultures left no written records, but archaeological evidences proved their shift from nomadic life to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools conserved in different museums, cave paintings like Altamira Cave in Spain, and other prehistoric art, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess from Laussel, France etc. are some of the evidences in favour of their cultures. Neolithic Revolution of Stone Age resulted into the appearance of Bronze Age with development of agriculture, animal domestication, and the adoption of permanent settlements. For these practices Bronze Age people further developed metal smelting, with copper and later bronze, an alloy of tin and copper, being the materials of their choice. The Iron Age people replaced bronze and developed the knowledge of iron smelting technology to lower the cost of living since iron utensils were stronger and cheaper than bronze equivalents. In many Eurasian cultures, the Iron Age was the last period before the development of written scripts. Educational technology during the period of Ancient civilizations According to Paul Saettler, 2004, Educational technology can be traced back to the time when tribal priests systematized bodies of knowledge and ancient cultures invented pictographs or sign writing to record and transmit information. In every stage of human civilization, one can find an instructional technique or set of procedures intended to implement a particular culture which were also supported by number of investigations and evidences. The more advanced the culture, the more complex became the technology of instruction designed to reflect particular ways of individual and social behaviour intended to run an educated society. Over centuries, each significant shift in educational values, goals or objectives led to diverse technologies of instruction. The greatest advances in technology and engineering came with the rise of the ancient civilizations. These advances stimulated and educated other societies in the world to adopt new ways of living and governance. The Indus Valley Civilization was an early Bronze Age civilization which was located in the northwestern region of the Indian Subcontinent. The civilization was primarily flourished around the Indus River basin of the Indus and the Punjab region, extending upto the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (most of the part is under today’s Pakistan and the western states of modern-day India as well as some part of the civilization extending upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran). There is a long term controversy to be sure about the language that the Harappan people spoke. It is assumed that their writing was at least seems to be or a pictographic script. The script appears to have had about 400 basic signs, with lots of variations. People write their script with the direction generally from right to left. Most of the writing was found on seals and sealings which were probably used in trade and official & administrative work. Harappan people had the knowledge of the measuring tools of length, mass, and time. They were the first in the world to develop a system of uniform weights and measures. In a study carried out by P. N. Rao et al. in 2009, published in Science, computer scientists found that the Indus script’s pattern is closer to that of spoken words, which supported the proposed hypothesis that it codes for an as-yet-unknown language. According to the Chinese Civilization, some of the major techno-offerings from China include paper, early seismological detectors, toilet paper, matches, iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, the wheelbarrow, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief map, the blast furnace, the propeller, the crossbow, the South Pointing Chariot, and gun powder. With the invent of paper they have given their first step towards developments of educational technology by further culturing different handmade products of paper as means of visual aids. Ancient Egyptian language was at one point one of the longest surviving and used languages in the world. Their script was made up of pictures of the real things like birds, animals, different tools, etc. These pictures are popularly called hieroglyph. Their language was made up of above 500 hieroglyphs which are known as hieroglyphics. On the stone monuments or tombs which were discovered and rescued latter on provides the evidence of existence of many forms of artistic hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt. Educational technology during Medieval and Modern Period Paper and the pulp papermaking process which was developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, was carried to the Middle East and was spread to Mediterranean by the Muslim conquests. Evidences support that a paper mill was also established in Sicily in the 12th century. The discovery of spinning wheel increased the productivity of thread making process to a great extent and when Lynn White added the spinning wheel with increasing supply of rags, this led to the production of cheap paper, which was a prime factor in the development of printing technology. The invention of the printing press was taken place in approximately 1450 AD, by Johannes Gutenburg, a German inventor. The invention of printing press was a prime developmental factor in the history of educational technology to convey the instruction as per the need of the complex and advanced-technology cultured society. In the pre-industrial phases, while industry was simply the handwork at artisan level, the instructional processes were relied heavily upon simple things like the slate, the horn book, the blackboard, and chalk. It was limited to a single text book with a few illustrations. Educational technology was considered synonymous to simple aids like charts and pictures. The year 1873 may be considered a landmark in the early history of technology of education or audio-visual education. An exhibition was held in Vienna at international level in which an American school won the admiration of the educators for the exhibition of maps, charts, textbooks and other equipments. Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally renowned child educator and the originator of Montessori Method exerted a dynamic impact on educational technology through her development of graded materials designed to provide for the proper sequencing of subject matter for each individual learner. Modern educational technology suggests many extension of Montessori’s idea of prepared child centered environment. In1833, Charles Babbage’s design of a general purpose computing device laid the foundation of the modern computer and in 1943, the first computing machine as per hi design was constructed by International Business Machines Corporation in USA. The Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) in which the computer functions essentially as a tutor as well as the Talking Type writer was developed by O.K. Moore in 1966. Since 1974, computers are interestingly used in education in schools, colleges and universities. In the beginning of the 19th century, there were noteworthy changes in the field of education. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), right from its start of school broadcasts in 1920 had maintained rapid pace in making sound contribution to formal education. In the USA, by 1952, 20 states had the provision for educational broadcasting. Parallel to this time about 98% of the schools in United Kingdom were equipped with radios and there were regular daily programmes. Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist of Ohio state university developed a self-teaching machine called ‘Drum Tutor’ in 1920. Professor Skinner, however, in his famous article ‘Science of Learning and art of Teaching’ published in 1945 pleaded for the application of the knowledge derived from behavioral psychology to classroom procedures and suggested automated teaching devices as means of doing so. Although the first practical use of Regular television broadcasts was in Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin were broadcasted through television stations in Berlin, Open circuit television began to be used primarily for broadcasting programmes for entertainment in 1950. Since 1960, television is used for educational purposes. In 1950, Brynmor, in England, used educational technological steps for the first time. It is to be cared that in 1960, as a result of industrial revolution in America and Russia, other countries also started progressing in the filed of educational technology. In this way, the beginning of educational technology took place in 1960 from America and Russia and now it has reached England, Europe and India. During the time of around 1950s, new technocracy was turning it attraction to educations when there was a steep shortage of teachers in America and therefore an urgent need of educational technology was felt. Dr. Alvin C. Eurich and a little later his associate, Dr. Alexander J. Stoddard introduced mass production technology in America. Team teaching had its origin in America in the mid of 1950’s and was first started in the year 1955 at Harvard University as a part of internship plan. In the year 1956, Benjamin Bloom from USA introduced the taxonomy of educational objectives through his publication, â€Å"The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain†.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Immigration in the United States of America

Immigration in the United States of America "Every immigrant who comes here should be required within five years to learn English or leave the country" said Theodore Roosevelt one of the forty four presidents of the United States. Nowadays, being a great empire in the international arena and the country full of opportunities America faces immigration from all over the world that in turn makes various problems within the country. It continues to be one of the controversial and divisive topics that involve hot debates. So talking about immigrants, it should be highlighted that immigrants comprise both legal and illegal ones. Any individual who resides in a country illegally and without any permission from authorities is known as an "illegal immigrant." However, undocumented immigrants are divided into several categories such as the individuals who entered the country illegally and others who came legally but overstayed the number of days that were permitted on their visa. By the date of visa expiration some people do not leave t he country deciding to take a risk in search of a better life thus violating visa rules and remain there holding a status of illegal immigrant simultaneously using all government services.September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City: View ...Regardless of type of individual both bring risk to the United States including waste of money on governmental services and domestic security.As it is stated in the book of Current Issues the United States has always benefited from the hard work and cultural diversity that new comers bring to the country which considers itself "a nation of immigrants." (Farrell, Tiffany 2006.) Nonetheless, the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 committed by nineteen foreign-born men was the evidence of the fact that more attention should be paid to immigrants and more quotas should be introduced. In order to improve security the United States should place more restrictions on immigration, some...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Country of Egypt - Geographic Information

The Country of Egypt - Geographic Information Population: 80,471,869 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: CairoArea: 386,662 square miles (1,001,450 sq km)Coastline: 1,522 miles (2,450 km)Highest Point: Mount Catherine at 8,625 feet (2,629 m)Lowest Point: Qattara Depression at -436 feet (-133 m)Egypt is a country located in northern Africa along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Egypt is known for its ancient history, desert landscapes and large pyramids. Most recently however, the country has been in the news due to severe civil unrest that began in late January 2011. Protests began occurring in Cairo and other major cities on January 25. The protest is against poverty, unemployment and the government of President Hosni Mubarak. The protests continued for weeks and eventually led to Mubaraks stepping down from office. History of Egypt Egypt is known for its long and ancient history. According to the U.S. Department of State, Egypt has been a unified region for over 5,000 years and there is evidence of settlement prior to that. By 3100 B.C.E., Egypt was controlled by a ruler named Mena and he began the cycle of rule by Egypts various pharaohs. Egypts Pyramids of Giza were built during the 4th dynasty and ancient Egypt was height from 1567-1085 B.C.E.The last of Egypts pharaohs was dethroned during a Persian invasion of the country in 525 B.C.E. but in 322 B.C.E. it was conquered by Alexander the Great. In 642 C.E., Arab forces invaded and took control of the area and began to introduce the Arabic language which still exists in Egypt today.In 1517, the Ottoman Turks entered and took control of Egypt which lasted until 1882 except for a short time when Napoleons forces took control of it. Beginning in 1863, Cairo began to grow into a modern city and Ismail took control of the country in that year and remained in powe r until 1879. In 1869, the Suez Canal was built.Ottoman rule in Egypt ended in 1882 after the British stepped in to end a revolt against the Ottomans. They then occupied the area until 1922, when the United Kingdom declared Egypt independent. During World War II, the U.K. used Egypt as an operations base. Social instability began in 1952 when three different political forces began to clash over control of the region as well as the Suez Canal. In July 1952, the Egyptian government was overthrown. On June 19, 1953, Egypt was declared a republic with Lt. Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser as its leader.Nasser controlled Egypt until his death in 1970, at which time President Anwar el-Sadat was elected. In 1973, Egypt entered a war with Israel and in 1978 the two countries signed the Camp David Accords which later led to a peace treaty between them. In 1981, Sadat was assassinated and Hosni Mubarak was elected as president shortly thereafter.Throughout the rest of the 1980s and into the 1990s, Egypts political p rogress slowed and there were a number of economic reforms aimed at expanding the private sector, while reducing the public. In January 2011 protests against Mubaraks government began and Egypt remains socially unstable.Government of EgyptEgypt is considered a republic with an executive branch of government made up of a chief of state and a prime minister. It also has a legislative branch with a bicameral system made up of the Advisory Council and the Peoples Assembly. Egypts judicial branch is made up of its Supreme Constitutional Court. It is divided into 29 governorates for local administration.Economics and Land Use in EgyptEgypts economy is highly developed but it is mostly based on the agriculture that takes place in the Nile River valley. Its main agricultural products include cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables cattle, water buffalo, sheep and goats. Other industries in Egypt are textiles, food processing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, cement, metals and light manufacturing. Tourism is also a major industry in Egypt.Geography and Climate of EgyptEgypt is located in nor thern Africa and shares borders with Gaza Strip, Israel, Libya and Sudan. Egypts boundaries also include the Sinai Peninsula. Its topography consists mainly of desert plateau but the eastern part is cut by the Nile River valley. The highest point in Egypt is Mount Catherine at 8,625 feet (2,629 m), while its lowest point is the Qattara Depression at -436 feet (-133 m). Egypts total area of 386,662 square miles (1,001,450 sq km) makes it the 30th largest country in the world.The climate of Egypt is desert and as such it has very hot, dry summers and mild winters. Cairo, Egypts capital which is located in the Nile valley, has an average July high temperature of 94.5ËšF (35ËšC) and an average January low of 48ËšF (9ËšC).To learn more about Egypt, visit the Geography and Maps page on Egypt on this website.ReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (13 January 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Egypt. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Egypt: History, Geography, Government, and Cul ture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107484.htmlParks, Cara. (1 February 2011). Whats Going on in Egypt? The Huffington Post. Retrieved from: huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/28/whats-going-on-in-egypt_n_815734.htmlUnited States Department of State. (10 November 2010). Egypt. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htmWikipedia.com. (2 February 2011). Egypt - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt

Monday, November 4, 2019

Description of Four Religious Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Description of Four Religious Websites - Essay Example According to the site, Zenit’s purpose is to take advantage of the internet in order to disseminate the Catholic Church’s message. Its target audience is varied and encompasses all races, age, gender and other orientations. Its contents are reprinted in various media outlets and it also boasts of 520,000 direct subscribers. (Zenit 2010) Judging from its readership, subscription, and syndication by several media outlets, Zenit is indisputably a reputable resource for the Christian Church’s doctrines and related information. In addition to this, the site has been awarded by the Vatican with citations for its work.   Here, it is easy to for one to identify the purpose of the website. It serves as some online library for those interested in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Its slogan, â€Å"The Place Where Early Christianity Continues† also underscores how the site intends to use technology in order to propagate the religion. When one examines the site’s content, it appears that the target audiences are scholars or those people who are really interested in learning from the religion or for those who want to convert. There are important sections and materials that are persuasive in nature, using much of the corpus of its own Scripture to attract adherents and rebut other religious doctrines.Other than the authenticity of the documents found on the website there are no other indications that would uphold the credibility of the site. There are no sections, for instance, that tackled the organization.Buddhanet is a sophisticated website about Buddhism that comprehensively aims to propagate its own Scripture and doctrine through various ways. For example, there’s the news section, the online magazine, the Buddhist eLibrary, Buddhist worldwide directory, information on Buddhist monasteries as well as a Buddhist eStore

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Group Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Group Decision Making - Essay Example This report stresses that GDM is also at times called as collaborative decision making. In this approach the individuals collectively makes decision or a choice from the set of alternatives. The decision is taken as a group and it is not attributable to any single member of the group. The GDM is very much different as compared to that taken by the individuals and it comprises of the decision to the extreme. This paper makes a conclusion that the owner of the car parts manufacturing company has planned on implementing a group for the decision making process. Groups often provide the best possible solution for any issue as compared to that taken by individuals. A group comprises of people that have different expertise and knowledge and this makes it beneficial for the company as the sharing of knowledge facilitates an effective decision making. It is recommended that the company should involve into the group those individuals who has an experience in the company for a long time and knows about the entire business operations. The group would include the managers of the different operational fields of the business. The group is recommended to follow the reflective thinking process in order to optimise on the decision making. This collaborative approach would maximise the revenues of the company and even would create a satisfactory working environment for the company.